복용약과 부작용
장애아동들은 건강과 장애에 관련된 약뿐만 아니라 행동장애나 정서장애등의 이유로도 다양한 약을 복용하게 된다. 아래나열된 것은 가장 흔하게 사용되고 있는 약의 이름과 그 기능 또 그로 인한 부작용을 적고 있다. 약을 처방한 의사에게 그 사용목적과 용량, 복용시간등을 정확히 아는 것이 가장 중요하고 그에 따른 부작용을 상세히 알아서 교사나 성인서비스 기관의 담당자에게 알려주어 조심하도록 하는 것이 좋다. 또한 최근 약품으로 더욱 장애아동에게 사용되는 약품과 그 부작용도 주의하는 것이 좋다.
COMMON MEDCATIONS
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DISABILITY/MEDICATION
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USE
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SIDE EFFECTS
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SPINAL CORD INJURY (Spina Bifida) | ||
Bladder (UTI): Antibacterial | ||
Bactrim | Antibacterial | Skin rash, Sore throat, Fever, Shortness of breath |
Septra (Sula drug) | Antibacterial | Nausea, Vomiting, Headache, Dizziness, Allergic reaction |
Macrodantin | Antibacterial | Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Malaise |
Furdantin | Antibacterial | Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Malaise |
Bladder (Spasms): Anticholinergics | ||
Urecholine | Treats urinary retention by contracting the bladder | Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting may occur |
Ditropan | Antispasmodic | Blurred vision, Drowsiness, Nausea, Dry mouth |
Daricon | Antispasmodic | Urinary retention, Blurred vision, Loss of taste, Headache, Drowsiness, Constipation, Nausea |
BLIND (Diabetes) | ||
Pancreas | ||
NPH Insulin | Long-lasting, peaks in 12 hours, stabilizes blood sugar level throughout the day | |
Insulin (Regular) | Fast-acting, peaks in ½ hour (i.e., if blood sugar is very high take regular insulin) | |
Diabinese | Blood-glucose-lowering drug: situluates release of insulin from pancreas | Jaundice, Nausea, Diarrhea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Hunger, Photosensitivity |
CVA (Cardio Vascular Accident), STROKE, HEMPILEGIA | ||
Anticoagulants | ||
Coumadin | Prevents clotting of the blood given for leg clots, lung clots | Minor/major hemorrhages from an organ or tissue, Dermatitis, Fever, Nausea, Diarrhea |
Heparin | Anticoagulen, prevents embolisms | Could cause hemorrhage at any site |
EPILEPSY (Can follow head trauma) | ||
Gran Mal/Petit Mal | ||
Dilantin | Prevent seizures | Slurred speech, Mental confusion, Dizziness, Insomnia, Headache, Vomiting, Gum enlargement, Nausea, Increased body hair, Decreased coordination |
Phenobarbitol | Prevent seizures | Sleepiness |
Tegretol | Prevent seizures | Slurred speech, mental confusion, insomnia, Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Gum enlargement, Decreased coordination |
Clonopin | Prevent seizures (rare) | Drowsiness, Headache |
Depakane | Prevent seizures | Nausea, Vomiting, Sleepiness |
Depakote (Valproic acid) | Antiepileptic, Prevent seizures | Hepatic failure may result; Nausea, Vomiting, Indigestion, Hallucination, Dizziness, Incoordination, Photosensitivity, Hyperactivity |
PSYCHIATRIC, NERVOUS DISORDER | ||
Major Tranquilizers | ||
Thorazine | Severe agitation, powerful drug used only for specific situations | Many |
Haldol | Severe agitation, powerful drug used only for specific situations | Many |
Major Tranquilizers | ||
Valium | Reduction of nervous tension and agitation | Drowsiness, Decreased coordination, Dangerous to mix with alcohol |
Librium | Reduction of nervous tension and agitation | Drowsiness, Decreased coordination, Dangerous to mix with alcohol |
Tranzene | Reduction of nervous tension and agitation | Drowsiness, Decreased coordination, Dangerous to mix with alcohol |
ANALGESICS | ||
Narcotics | Pain relief | Potential for addiction |
Codeine | Pain relief | Constipation, Depression of cough reflex, addiction |
Demerol | Pain relief | Constipation, Depression of cough reflect, addiction |
ANTIEMETIC | ||
Compazine | Control nausea and vomiting | Drowsiness, Abnormal movements |
Phenergan | Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting | Drowsiness, Dizziness, Dryness of the mouth, Blurring of the vision |
Vistaril | Control of Nausea and vomiting | Drowsiness, Dryness of the mouth |
ANTIBIOTICS | ||
Ampicillin | Treat infections | Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Skin rashes |
Penicillin | Treat infections | Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Skin rashes |
Oxacillin | Treat infections | Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Skin rashes |
Keflex | Treat infections | Headache, Malaise, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Allergic in the form of a rash |
Ancef | Treat infections | Headache, Malaise, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Allergic in the form of a rash |
Tetracycline | Treat infections | Headache, Malaise, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Allergic in the form of a rash |
Gentamycin | Treat serious infections | |
Tobramycin | Treat serious infections | |
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY | ||
Decadron | Potent anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems | Fluid retention, Potassium loss, Muscle weakness, Ulcers, Abdominal Distention, Menstrual irregularities, Suppression of growth in children |
ANTISPASMODIC | ||
Dantrium | Relief of muscle spasms | Drowsiness, Dizziness, Fatigue, Diarrhea, Liver injury rarely |
Lioresal | Relief of muscle spasms | Drowsiness, Dizziness, Weakness, Fatigue |
Valium | Relief of muscle spasms | Drowsiness, Fatigue |
HYPERTENSIVE | ||
Aldactazide | Diuretic medication | Dryness of the mouth, Weakness, Lethargy, Drowsiness, Muscle cramps, hypotension, Grastrointestinal symptoms |
Apresoline | Reduction of high blood pressure | Continued malaise, chest pain, Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Changes in the blood pressure |