2. Honoring Tribal Sovereignty: Securing An IRB Approval From The Navajo Nation- [Download PDF]
Abstract:
In this article, we consider the process of attaining approval from a Tribal Institutional Review Board (TIRB) as a tool to gain the cultural competency needed to work within Tribal Nations and minimize harm. From this position, we argue that non-governmental, government, and private organizations should also seek approval from such institutions. Our contributions to the field are twofold. First, we offer practical advice for researchers looking to work with Tribal Nations and in particular, with the Diné (Navajo) Nation. Second, we reemphasize the danger a lack of cultural competency, even with well-meaning aid, can have on a nation's citizens.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the level of investments in fair value measured assets provides incremental information about one-year-ahead earnings and firm value. A least squares regression analysis is used to analyze the correlation of the intensity of fair value measured assets with one-year-ahead earnings and firm value, measured as stock pricing. We find that the intensity of fair value measured assets is positively correlated with one-year-ahead earnings and firm value. We also employ statistical subgroup regression analysis to evaluate the effect of firms facing constrained cash flows on the predictive ability of the intensity of fair value measured assets. Our analysis also provides evidence that investors incorporate fair value disclosure information into the valuation of a firm’s stock. Unlike most fair value disclosure research, this study focuses on nonfinancial firms adding evidence to the predictive value of fair value disclosures.
Abstract:
On 25 April 2023, responding to artificial intelligence’s (AI) increasing use to make hiring, credit, and housing decisions, regulators across the Biden administration announced a plan to enforce existing civil rights laws against AI systems that perpetuate discrimination (Zakrzewski, 2023). Leaders from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Justice Department, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Center warned the public about the risks of “digital redlining,” where faulty data sets and poor design choices develops AI systems that exacerbate ongoing discrimination in the United States economy. Arguing that “AI is being used right now to decide who to hire, who to fire, who gets a loan, who stays in the hospital and who gets sent home” … FTC Commissioner, Alvaro Bedoya, noted that he is “much more worried about those current, real-life uses of AI than potential downstream existential threats (Zakrzewki, 2023).”
Abstract:
Brands use eco-labels to demonstrate product specifications and business practices to consumers and communicate their commitment to the environment. The authors explore how high-knowledge vs. low-knowledge consumers respond to eco-labels on packaging (specifically, one vs. three eco-labels). The results of an experimental study show that low-knowledge consumers find one eco-label on packaging more credible compared to high-knowledge consumers. However, for low-knowledge consumers, the credibility of the product claims decreases significantly once they are presented with three eco-labels on the product package. The implications of this research are twofold. First, product and brand managers should prioritize quality over quantity when choosing eco-labels to place on product packaging. Second, managers and policy makers should aim to educate uninformed consumers about eco-labels’ meanings to avoid consumer misinformation and to encourage consumers to support businesses that embrace environmentally friendly practices.