Business Forum Vol 28 Issue 2

    1. Editorial - [Download PDF]

    Shilpa Balan
    Robert Marley

    2. Corporate Governance In Us And China: A Cross-Country Comparison - [Download PDF]

    David Hossain
    California State University, Los Angeles
    Edward Lance Monsour
    California State University, Los Angeles
    David Ly
    California State University, Los Angeles

    Abstract:

    This paper examines whether there is a difference between the corporate governance of U.S. and Chinese companies. A sample of 2018 proxy statements and annual reports from 129 similarly sized US and Chinese companies were selected for data analysis purpose. We expected that the corporate governance of US companies to be more objective and robust than that of Chinese companies. Our analysis supports this presumption and we have found that US corporate governance is significantly different and stronger than that of China.

    3. Private Company Financial Reporting, GAAP Alternatives, And Strategic Considerations Of Adopting U.S. GAAP - [Download PDF]

    Marianne L. James
    California State University Los Angeles

    Abstract:

    Many private entities, while not legally required to publish financial statements, choose to apply U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Collaboration between the Private Company Council (PCC) and FASB has resulted in a number GAAP alternatives designed to reduce the costs and complexity of applying U.S. GAAP, while preserving financial information usefulness to private company stakeholders. GAAP alternatives continue to evolve and include recent guidance in responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Private entities considering adopting U.S. GAAP should strategically consider their future financing needs, organizational structure, expansion opportunities, and available resources.

    4. Rethink And Retool: Marketing Mix Strategies In Response To Covid-19 - [Download PDF]

    Carlin Nguyen
    California State University, Los Angeles
    Jeffrey Anderson
    California State University, Los Angeles
    Somak Banerjee
    California State University, Los Angeles

    Abstract:

    The unprecedented impact of the pandemic on businesses is profound. The pandemic has changed consumer behaviors, established new social norms, and created new government regulations that have forced companies to upend their marketing plans and find new ways to market to their consumers during a time of crisis. In this paper, we explore how companies have successfully adapted their marketing approaches to drive sales during the pandemic. First, using the marketing mix framework, we delineate the marketing tactics various firms have employed. Second, we conduct interviews with several service providers to identify the marketing strategies those companies implemented in response to the coronavirus. Two common themes were identified from the interviews: "rethink" and "retool." The insights from this process provide managers with a practical framework to use in order to make the appropriate changes to their marketing mix strategy during and after the pandemic.

    5. Understanding The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) And Its Effects On The Economy - [Download PDF]

    Asia Lockett-Morse
    California State University Channel Islands

    Abstract:

    The purpose of this article is to discuss how the coronavirus SARS-CoV-19 disease (COVID-19) has precipitously affected the United States and global economies. The information and data in this article will vary based on the rapid change of daily statistics. This article will provide information, which will allow readers to understand the differences between viruses such as SARS-CoV-19, Influenza (Flu), and the Swine Flu (H1N1). Furthermore, this article will provide information about the pandemic effects on the economy, economic scarring, key recession indicators, and the long-term impact of a recession. A descriptive and correlational search query for the U.S., U.K., and Asia was collected from the World Health Organization, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and numerous organizations and analytical research papers. Moreover, this article's information and data are subject to change. Researchers are acquiring knowledge about the progressing disease, economic impact, and solutions daily.

    6. Rising Food Insecurity During The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Impact Of Institutional Racism - [Download PDF]

    Tom Larson
    California State University, Los Angeles
    Paul M. Ong
    California State University, Los Angeles
    Don Mar
    San Francisco State University

    Abstract:

    The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a dangerous surge in food insecurity. The increase has been across races and ethnicities and has affected both high-income and low-income families. Food insecurity is not just about being hungry; it constitutes a health crisis. This study uses data from the Household Pulse Survey of the U.S. Census to estimate food insecurity by race, ethnicity, income level and education. The data cover the period April 23 until December 22, 2020. We find that the most important food assistance program in the United States is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). An expansion and reform of SNAP could be key to ending food insecurity, reducing poverty, and strengthening grocery and other retail stores in low-income neighborhoods.

    7. What The U.S. Should Do To Improve Access To Startup Capital For MWBE Owners - [Download PDF]

    Kurt Stanberry
    University of Houston Downtown

    Abstract:

    Small businesses owned by women and minorities (MWBEs/HUBs) face multiple obstacles when attempting to raise startup capital. The JOBS Act partially addressed this problem, but the U.S must make more changes to facilitate the process for MWBE entrepreneurs to access much-needed startup capital.

    8. Book Review: Digital Technologies: Sustainble Innovations For Improving Teaching And Learning - [Download PDF]

    Barbara W. K. Son
    California State University, Los Angeles