History 450
Spring 2011
Professor Chris Endy
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Reading Response Questions


HIST 450    Spring 2011     General Instructions on the Response Assignments
** Unless the instructions say otherwise, please answer all the questions for any given response assignment in this class.  A good answer will consist of about 6-8 thoughtful sentences per question and will draw specific examples from the assigned readings.  Whenever possible, write down specific page numbers in parentheses.  This will help you later with class discussion and with your own writing.


History 450    Spring 2011        Document Response One (based on Henry, 1-68)

1. According to Henry’s Chapter 1, what have been some of the legal obstacles standing in the way of reparations for African Americans?  For our purposes, “legal obstacles” refer to specific legal doctrines or practices.

2. According to Chapters 1 and 2, what have been some of the specific extralegal obstacles to the reparations movement?  In contrast to narrow legal obstacles, “extralegal” issues refer to broader social, cultural, or political forces.

3. Do you agree with Henry that the U.S. government should provide economic reparations for African Americans, either for slavery or for racism in the post-slavery era?  Why or why not?  If there were to be reparations, what form should they take?  Should they come as individual payments?  Should they come in the form of special social or education programs?


History 450    Spring 2011                    Document Response Two   (based on Welke, Jones, and Westervelt)

1. According to Welke’s study of railroad accident victims, what were the various ways in which the legal process treated women differently than men?  Do you think similar gender differences exist today when it come to men and women who claim injury after an accident or some other harmful event?

2. According to Jones, how does the Springer show continue cultural patterns common in early American history?  Would you agree with critics of the show who call Springer decadent and pointless?

3. According to Westervelt, what were the legal arguments and psychological patterns that lawyers used to establish the “battered woman’s self-defense strategy”?  Why weren’t lawyers similarly able to establish the “rotten social background” defense?


History 450    Spring 2011            Reading Response Three (based on Smith)

1. In pages 140 to 151, Smith lays out several different types of apologies.  Which type (or types) do you think best describes the State of California’s 2005 apology (which Smith also discusses)?

2. Why are some experts, like H.D. Lewis and even Nick Smith himself, critical of collective apologies?  For this question, focus especially on pages 190-95 and 245-47.

3. Offer an analysis of Clinton’s 1997 Tuskegee statement using Smith’s ideas.  In particular, focus on this question: to what extent was Clinton’s statement a “categorical” apology?

**SPECIAL NOTE: From Monday through Friday next week (11 to 15 April), a memorial to U.S. soldiers killed in Iraq and Afghanistan will be on display on campus.  The memorial, known as Arlington West, is a project of the group, Veterans for Peace.  You will find the memorial between JFK Library Palmer Wing and the Biological Sciences building.  Because the memorial focuses on soldiers as victims, it complements our class themes, and I encourage you all to visit and to chat with strangers around the memorial site to see what they think and feel about it.


History 450    Spring 2011        Reading Response Four (Henry & Bhopal article)

1. What lessons should Bhopal survivors interested in redress learn from the Rosewood and Greenwood cases?  (Be sure to draw on both the Bhopal article and Henry’s Chapter Three to answer this question.)

2. Based on Chapter Four’s material, identify what you see as three strong arguments on behalf of reparations.  Then identify what you see as three strong arguments against reparations.  Where do you stand?  (Be prepared to participate in a debate in class on this subject).

3. Select two different ideas from different parts of Henry’s Chapter Six that you found particularly interesting.  Explain why you found them so interesting.