M.A. Comprehensive Exam in Deviance

Department of Sociology

Sample exam questions:

1. “Elite deviance” is a term derived from the works of C. Wright Mills’ power elite theory (as well as conflict theory in general). This approach describes how the dominant institutional structures of U.S. society are interrelated and argues that the power elite engage in unethical or illegal activities in an effort to maintain and expand their power.

A. Use this theoretical orientation to analyze at least three recent cases in U.S. history, such

as: -political scandals or improprieties,

-corporate deviance, and

-military deviance.

Be specific about the cases you choose and role that elites have played in them.

Cite conflict theory works and other analysts of deviance to support your answer.

B. Why do U.S. analysts generally not analyze these types of deviance from the power elite perspective? Cite examples of analysts who would challenge the approach that the power elite theorists would take to the cases you choose under Part 1A of this question.

2. In your view, what have been the major findings and insights of sociologists who have studied social deviance during the past century? Discuss as many as you can and refer to specific studies and analysts where possible.

3. Systematically describe and explain how social control agents, in carrying out their routines, may actually help contribute to or amplify the deviant behavior of persons they deal with in their official capacities. What reforms or policy changes do you believe would reduce this amplification of deviant behavior or deviant careers?

4. A conflict exists between classical and modern theories’ definitions of deviance.

A. Elaborate on some of the central arguments of the classical theories, such as biological theory, strain theory, differential association theory, or control theory regarding: (1) deviance as intrinsically real (distinguishing deviants and conformists), (2) deviance as an objective fact (one can study deviance objectively), and (3) deviance as determined behavior (that some other factors cause).

B. Elaborate on some of the central arguments of the modern theories, such as labeling theory, phenomenological theory, or conflict theory regarding: (1) deviance as a label,

(2) deviance as a subjective experience (deviance is in the eye of the beholder), and

(3) deviance as a voluntary act (as an expression of human will).

Is it possible to integrate these two sets of theoretical orientations toward deviance? Why or why not?

5. Analyze either (A) the Enron case of white-collar crime or (B) terrorist acts against Americans within the U.S. and the government and public responses to them, in light of sociological concepts and theories of deviance, including at least: (1) functionalist, (2) labeling, and

(3) conflict approaches to deviance. Refer to specific analysts and empirical studies in your discussion.